Turkey is one of the nation state has many
elements of heritage and culture.
……..enjoy it…………
About
turkey:>
Geography
Turkey
is at the northeast end of the Mediterranean Sea in southeast Europe and
southwest Asia. To the north is the Black Sea and to the west is the Aegean
Sea. Its neighbors are Greece and Bulgaria to the west, Russia, Ukraine, and
Romania to the north and northwest (through the Black Sea), Georgia, Armenia,
Azerbaijan, and Iran to the east, and Syria and Iraq to the south. The
Dardanelles, the Sea of Marmara, and the Bosporus divide the country. Turkey in
Europe comprises an area about equal to the state of Massachusetts. Turkey in
Asia is about the size of Texas. Its center is a treeless plateau rimmed by
mountains.
Government
Republican
parliamentary democracy.
History
Anatolia
(Turkey in Asia) was occupied in about 1900 B.C. by the Indo-European Hittites
and, after the Hittite empire's collapse in 1200 B.C. , by Phrygians and
Lydians. The Persian Empire occupied the area in the 6th century B.C. , giving
way to the Roman Empire, then later the Byzantine Empire. The Ottoman Turks
first appeared in the early 13th century, subjugating Turkish and Mongol bands
pressing against the eastern borders of Byzantium and making the Christian
Balkan states their vassals. They gradually spread through the Near East and
Balkans, capturing Constantinople in 1453 and storming the gates of Vienna two
centuries later. At its height, the Ottoman Empire stretched from the Persian
Gulf to western Algeria. Lasting for 600 years, the Ottoman Empire was not only
one of the most powerful empires in the history of the Mediterranean region,
but it generated a great cultural outpouring of Islamic art, architecture, and
literature.
After
the reign of Sultan Süleyman I the Magnificent (1494–1566), the Ottoman Empire
began to decline politically, administratively, and economically. By the 18th
century, Russia was seeking to establish itself as the protector of Christians
in Turkey's Balkan territories. Russian ambitions were checked by Britain and
France in the Crimean War (1854–1856), but the Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)
gave Bulgaria virtual independence and Romania and Serbia liberation from their
nominal allegiance to the sultan. Turkish weakness stimulated a revolt of young
liberals known as the Young Turks in 1909. They forced Sultan Abdul Hamid to
grant a constitution and install a liberal government. However, reforms were no
barrier to further defeats in a war with Italy (1911–1912) and the Balkan Wars
(1912–1913). Turkey sided with Germany in World War I, and, as a result, lost
territory at the conclusion of the war. Turkey is lucky in that it has a
richness and variety in cultural and natural resources and the preservation and
development of these have been stipulated by law. Many organizations have been
set up in connection with this subject and preservation has now become a
subject that concerns many organizations, institutions and people. Turkey has
approximately 2,700 historical ruins some dating back to prehistoric times and
41,000 works of culture.
Archaeological Site of Troy
Great Mosque and Hospital of Divriği
The
first Turkish building inscribed to UNESCO's World Heritage List, the Great
Mosque and Hospital of Divrigi was built in the 13th century by Ahmed Shah and
his wife Mellke Turan of the Principality of Mengucek. Designed by the
architect Hurrem Shah, of Ahlat, in 1288, the Great Mosque of Divrigi is
renowned for Its monumental architecture, its hexagonal dome, and its unique
stone carving decorations. This exciting stone masterpiece
shaped with love is waiting for Its visitors.
Historic Areas of Istanbul
The
historical areas of Istanbul, which is the only city situated on two continents
are formed by four main areas: the Archaeological Park (Sultanahmet Square and
its surrounding area), the Suleymaniye Mosque, Zeyrek Mosque (the Church of
Christ Pantokrator) and its surrounding Conservation Area, and the City Walls
of Istanbul. Istanbul is a holy city, where mosques, churches and synagogues
live side by side, and even declare their fraternity. Istanbul Is also renowned
for its palaces, mansions and monumental buildings - each a unique example of
architectural styles that were inherited from the Ottomans. Dolmabahce Palace,
Tophane Mosque, Galata Tower (Christea Turris), built by the Genoese,
Sultanahmet Mosque, Ayasofya (Hagia Sophia), one of the monumental buildings of
Christianity, the unique mosaics of Ayasofya, Topkapi Palace, the administrative
centre of the Ottoman Empire, rising high above the Golden Horn Suleymaniye
Mosque, the masterpiece of Imperial architect Mimar Slnan, the historical
Kapali Carsl (the Grand Bazaar), Yerebatan Sarnici (the Basilica Cistern), the
music dancing at the domes of Aya Irini (Hagia Eirene), make Istanbul the
capital of history and culture.
Nemrut Mountain
The
Nemrut mountainside with the tumulus containing the tomb of King Antiochus of
the Commagene Kingdom and several giant statues was inscribed to UNESCO's World
Heritage List in 1987. Nemrut Mountain is also known as the highest open-air
museum in the world. With its enchanting statues standing ten metres high, and
meters long inscriptions and the ancient Commagene sanctuary, it is situated in
the Kahta county of Adiyaman province. Nemrut Mountain was one the most
majestic place of worship in ancient Anatolia. According to the inscriptions,
Antiochus built a monumental tomb, a tumulus of cut stones built over the tomb,
and terraces along the three edges of the tumulus. The
Nemrut Mountain, with the most majestic panoramas of sunrise and sunset in the
world as well as Its giant statues and monumental tomb, is waiting for its
visitors.
Göreme National Park and the Rock Site of Cappadocia
Cappadocia, which was sculpted out of the tuff of
the Erclyes and Hasan Mountains through millions of years by sand and water
erosion, became the seat of several civilisations, and a silent witness to the
cultural history of Anatolia. Cappadocia also covers underground cities. These
enchanting and only partially revealed subterranean cities of Cappadocia are
believed to have deeper levels awaiting exploration. The most extraordinary
underground cities are in the regions of Kaymakli, Derinkuyu, Mazl Ozkonak and
Tatlarin. The underground cities, for long periods used as sanctuaries, were
recently renovated and made available to visitors.
Hierapolis – Pamukkale
According to the legend that spread the mystery of
Hierapolis to the wide world, an ugly shepherd girl, fed up with the burdens of
life, cast herself into water, but turned into a beautiful maiden in the waters
of Hierapolis. Hierapolis was founded during the Phrygian era, and its name was
derived from Hiera, the beautiful wife of Telephos, the King of Pergamon.
Hierapolis played an important role in spreading Christianity in Asia Minor,
and it was the place where Phillip, one of the twelve Apostles of Jesus Christ,
died. For this reason, Hierapolis became an important religious centre in the
4th century AD. Later it assumed the title of the Guide of the East and saw its
most brilliant years between 96 and 162 AD. Hierapolis came under Byzantine
rule in 395, and became a metropolitan bishopric.
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